白宫发布《美国AI行动计划》，打造全球AI主导权战略蓝图

概要：2025年7月23日，白宫发布《美国AI行动计划》 “Winning the AI Race: America’s AI Action Plan”,，提出90余项联邦政策，围绕“加速创新”、“建设AI基础设施”、“引领国际AI安全与外交”三大支柱展开。核心措施包括：加快数据中心与半导体厂房的审批，推动高需求技术岗位培训（如电工、暖通技术员），扶持AI素养普及和劳动力转型；联邦采购要求AI模型保持意识形态中立，限制对具“过度监管”州的AI相关联邦资金支持；加强AI出口能力，向国际伙伴提供整套AI软硬件及标准配套；评估对拜登时代由拜登政府启动的FTC调查和监管措施，去除对创新不利的条款；建立网络安全AI信息共享机制，夯实国内AI安全防护。该计划标志着美国对AI监管的重大转向：更注重经济增长、产业主权以及全球竞争力，尤其强调“以工人优先”理念，通过培训和素养提升帮助劳动力迎接AI时代。尽管部分环保或偏见监管将被弱化，亦引发公众对环保、抗偏见与言论自由一体保障的担忧。   【华盛顿，2025年7月23日】 —— 白宫正式发布长达28页的《美国AI行动计划》（America’s AI Action Plan），详列90多项联邦政策举措，全面推动美国在人工智能领域实现“无可置疑的全球主导地位”。该计划由总统特朗普签署的第14179号行政命令发起，被视为美国AI国家战略的总纲领，涵盖创新驱动、基础设施建设与国际外交安全三大战略支柱。

三大支柱：创新、建设、引领

本次行动计划分为三大核心方向：

1. 加速AI创新（Accelerate AI Innovation）

2. 建设AI基础设施（Build American AI Infrastructure）

3. 引领国际AI外交与安全（Lead in International AI Diplomacy and Security）

每个支柱下均设有具体行动条款，明确由白宫科技政策办公室（OSTP）、商务部（DOC）、劳工部（DOL）、能源部（DOE）等关键联邦机构牵头推进。

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去监管化，强化市场主导

计划首要目标是**“拆除监管壁垒”**，推翻拜登政府时期制定的AI安全规制（如第14110号行政命令），强调自由创新和联邦采购中“去意识形态偏见”的标准。未来，联邦政府只与“保持中立、反映客观事实”的大型语言模型（LLM）厂商合作，避免AI沦为“社会工程工具”。

在模型生态方面，白宫鼓励“开放源代码、开放权重”的AI模型发展，认为其具备战略意义，有助于创新扩散、学术研究和国际影响力竞争。

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基础设施升级：从芯片到电网全链条部署

该计划提出一系列“加速建设”方案，包括：

• 加快数据中心与半导体工厂审批（NEPA改革）；

• 赋予AI相关建设项目更高优先级的环保许可通道；

• 在联邦土地上部署新一代算力与能源设施；

• 升级全国电网，以支撑AI能耗快速增长；

• 在国防与情报体系中建立“高安全等级AI数据中心”。

特朗普政府强调将“拒绝激进气候政策”，在AI竞争中优先保障建设效率和能源自主权。

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人才、工人与再培训：构建AI劳动力护城河

AI带来的不仅是技术变革，更是对劳动力市场结构的重塑。该计划提出多项以工人为核心（Worker-First）的AI人才发展战略，包括：

• 明确将AI素养与技能纳入联邦职业教育与资助体系；

• 鼓励企业为员工提供AI培训并享受税收减免；

• 设立“AI劳动力研究中心”，系统研究AI对岗位的影响；

• 启动职业技能再培训试点，聚焦受AI替代影响的行业；

• 针对基础设施建设岗位（电工、冷暖技师等）推动学徒制与认证体系更新。

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技术外交与出口：打造“AI联盟”

行动计划强调必须向全球输出完整的“美国AI技术栈”——从芯片、模型到软件与标准，以此抗衡中国等竞争对手在国际组织中的影响。美国将通过出口融资、战略外交、技术标准推广等方式，确保盟友不被“敌对国家的AI技术”所主导。

此外，计划还强调加强前沿模型国家安全风险评估、限制敏感芯片出口、封堵半导体制造环节的管控漏洞等多项国际治理举措。

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启动执行路线图，明确牵头部门

该计划由总统科技顾问 Michael Kratsios、安全事务顾问 Marco Rubio 及AI与加密领域特别顾问 David Sacks 联署，列明每一项政策的实施部门与时间框架，标志着联邦AI战略从宏观构想到落地执行的实质推进。

尽管该计划在业界被视为一项“激进且雄心勃勃”的战略调整，亦引发部分批评声音——例如环保审批放松、AI价值中立难以界定等，但其对美国AI产业格局和全球技术格局的影响已引发高度关注。

“AI是我们这一代的登月计划”，一位官员表示，“而这份行动计划，是我们登上AI高峰的路线图。”

原文如下： The White House today released “Winning the AI Race: America’s AI Action Plan”, in accordance with President Trump’s January executive order on Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AI. Winning the AI race will usher in a new golden age of human flourishing, economic competitiveness, and national security for the American people. The Plan identifies over 90 Federal policy actions across three pillars – Accelerating Innovation, Building American AI Infrastructure, and Leading in International Diplomacy and Security – that the Trump Administration will take in the coming weeks and months. Key policies in the AI Action Plan include:

• Exporting American AI: The Commerce and State Departments will partner with industry to deliver secure, full-stack AI export packages – including hardware, models, software, applications, and standards – to America’s friends and allies around the world.
• Promoting Rapid Buildout of Data Centers: Expediting and modernizing permits for data centers and semiconductor fabs, as well as creating new national initiatives to increase high-demand occupations like electricians and HVAC technicians.
• Enabling Innovation and Adoption: Removing onerous Federal regulations that hinder AI development and deployment, and seek private sector input on rules to remove.
• Upholding Free Speech in Frontier Models: Updating Federal procurement guidelines to ensure that the government only contracts with frontier large language model developers who ensure that their systems are objective and free from top-down ideological bias.

“America’s AI Action Plan charts a decisive course to cement U.S. dominance in artificial intelligence. President Trump has prioritized AI as a cornerstone of American innovation, powering a new age of American leadership in science, technology, and global influence. This plan galvanizes Federal efforts to turbocharge our innovation capacity, build cutting-edge infrastructure, and lead globally, ensuring that American workers and families thrive in the AI era. We are moving with urgency to make this vision a reality,” said White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Director Michael Kratsios. “Artificial intelligence is a revolutionary technology with the potential to transform the global economy and alter the balance of power in the world. To remain the leading economic and military power, the United States must win the AI race. Recognizing this, President Trump directed us to produce this Action Plan. To win the AI race, the U.S. must lead in innovation, infrastructure, and global partnerships. At the same time, we must center American workers and avoid Orwellian uses of AI. This Action Plan provides a roadmap for doing that,” said AI and Crypto Czar David Sacks. “Winning the AI Race is non-negotiable. America must continue to be the dominant force in artificial intelligence to promote prosperity and protect our economic and national security. President Trump recognized this at the beginning of his administration and took decisive action by commissioning this AI Action Plan. These clear-cut policy goals set expectations for the Federal Government to ensure America sets the technological gold standard worldwide, and that the world continues to run on American technology,” said Secretary of State and Acting National Security Advisor Marco Rubio. Learn more at AI.Gov.